As long as said day didn’t involve shirking obligations to another, what other perception matters than theirs?

Well, at the end of the day, when our hypothetical shirker goes to cash-in their pocket-full of moonbeams for their dinner, they will discover that it does matter what others think of their profits....

... it seems to me that you’re suggesting a sort of rationalizing goes on after the fact; the day progresses, then is gone, and only then does the person make an accounting of it in that objective profit-loss book. Why wouldn’t an individual attend to that balance sheet throughout the day, and if it started slipping into loss-land, make a change then?

I don't see what difference the tallying interval makes. There is some sense in not counting one's chickens before they are hatched: and there are many investments that take a lot longer to mature than an egg.

I don’t see the need to call in the “dual natures” concept here, nor the utility of doing so.

I think perhaps the "dual natures" you are thinking of are different than what I had in mind. A human gets to play host to two sets of replicators: genes and memes. They are each after their own kind of profit, and are often at cross-purposes to achieve it. This muddies the waters considerably when attempting to tally up our score: especially if one isn't mindful of this dual nature.

Outside of the monetary realm, what is an objective standard by which one can compute profit?

In the short-term we could look at whether our share of the worlds resources has increased or declined. For a young person we might look at whether they have become better positioned to capture a good share of those resources; or less so. In the long run we are all dead: and profit comes down to whether our genes and/or memes are increasing their share of their respective pools, or not. In the shorter long-run, we might look at how well positioned we have left our descendants to profit.

These factors all exist in reality, whether or not we are able to calculate them; therefor they qualify as objective standards.